The B Cell and Rheumatoid Arthritis Part IV: Rheumatoid Factor Aggregates and Macrophage Activation, CR2 Receptors, C3d Fragments and the FcÿIIIA receptor Part IV Page 39
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The effects of rheumatoid factor aggregates on the B-cell and Macrophages are shown.
Slide 1: "Immunoglobulin Aggregates, some with Rheumatoid Factor Activity, are Depicted in a Rheumatoid Arthritic Joint " 360 x 240 pixels 30kb drawn freehand in 3dStudio Max
Slide 2: "A Macrophage is Activated by RF Aggregates via its Fcÿ RIIA" 360 x 240 pixels 12kb drawn freehand in 3dStudio Max
Slide 3: "A Macrophage Intracellular Signal is shown, which up Regulates the Cell " 360 x 240 pixels 15kb drawn freehand in 3dStudio Max
The IgG rheumatoid factor which is produced forms self aggregates and aggregates with IgM of all sizes. Many of these aggregates are immunostimulatory and promote macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines after interaction with cell surface FcÿRIIIA receptors. Phagocytosis of aggregates by these macrophages can occur and result in further up regulation of the cell. Likewise, these aggregates are ideal for further contributing to the autonomy of the autoreactive B-cell by interacting with the B-cell receptor, the membrane bound IgG, and simultaneously contacting CR2 receptors via C3d fragments, as shown. The intracellular signals that result promote survival of the B-cell, and the vicious circle is closed. Autoimmunity is perpetuated indefinitely.
Slide 4: "Rheumatoid Factor Aggregates within the Rheumatoid Arthritic Joint interact with the B-cell Receptor and CR2 Receptor via C3d Complement Fragments " 360 x 240 pixels 18kb drawn freehand in 3dStudio Max
Slide 5: "The Induced Intracellular B-cell Signal is Shown " 360 x 240 pixels 16kb drawn freehand in 3dStudio Max
Slide 6: "The Induced Intracellular B-cell Signal Promotes B-cell Survival " 360 x 240 pixels 16kb drawn freehand in 3dStudio Max
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